The Wizard of Menlo Park and the inventor of the electric light bulb, Thomas Alva Edison, moved his laboratory facilities (in late 1877) to a new location in West Orange, New Jersey. At about this same time he completed work on his invention of the phonograph. Beginning in 1878, Edison marketed the phonograph as an "entertainment novelty" and soon turned it into a popular consumer product.
At this new facility, Edison started a lucrative project (he thought) to automatically extract the metal from iron ore during the milling process - he would loose his shirt on this project which never was successful.
Encouraged by the work of others, particularly Eadward Muybridge (Muybridge had developed a method of taking pictures in quick succession, with multiple cameras, and then projecting them rapidly to simulate motion), Edison notified the U.S. Patent Office that he was: "experimenting upon an instrument which does for the Eye what the phonograph does for the Ear..." Initial experiments involved micro-photographs wrapped around a drum - after all, the photographs were intended to provide a visual stimulus to accompany the sound which would be played by a phonograph using a cylinder as its source. This system did not work.
By mid-1889, Edison turned the project over to an assistant, William Kennedy Laurie Dickson. Dickson was a natural for the job since besides being a chief experimenter, he was the plant photographer at West Orange. Dickson continued with the film-on-a-drum theme with limited success. Edison was touring Europe to bask in the warm glow of adulation for his electric-light invention. While in Paris, he was influenced by Dr. Etienne Jules Marey and his invention of a camera gun which shot pictures at a rapid rate and recorded the results on a band of film. Meanwhile Dickson had built a studio at West Orange. The Black Maria was a strange building; mounted on a railroad-turntable type of mechanism, coated in tar paper, and with a roof that opened to allow the sunlight to enter and fall on a small stage that had a black backdrop. When Edison returned from Europe he shifted Dickson's effort to focus on developing a method to advance a roll of film rapidly but intermittently past a single lens.
Other work interfered with motion picture experimentation until 1891 when Dickson, and another Edison man - William Heise, developed a method of running 3/4 inch film strips horizontally past a lens. The camera was dubbed a Kinetograph. By late 1892, an improved Kinetograph with a vertical feed system and using 1-1/2-inch-wide film (35mm) was developed; and used to take this movie of men boxing. They are on the stage-with-the-black-backdrop in the Black Maria.
At this new facility, Edison started a lucrative project (he thought) to automatically extract the metal from iron ore during the milling process - he would loose his shirt on this project which never was successful.
Encouraged by the work of others, particularly Eadward Muybridge (Muybridge had developed a method of taking pictures in quick succession, with multiple cameras, and then projecting them rapidly to simulate motion), Edison notified the U.S. Patent Office that he was: "experimenting upon an instrument which does for the Eye what the phonograph does for the Ear..." Initial experiments involved micro-photographs wrapped around a drum - after all, the photographs were intended to provide a visual stimulus to accompany the sound which would be played by a phonograph using a cylinder as its source. This system did not work.
By mid-1889, Edison turned the project over to an assistant, William Kennedy Laurie Dickson. Dickson was a natural for the job since besides being a chief experimenter, he was the plant photographer at West Orange. Dickson continued with the film-on-a-drum theme with limited success. Edison was touring Europe to bask in the warm glow of adulation for his electric-light invention. While in Paris, he was influenced by Dr. Etienne Jules Marey and his invention of a camera gun which shot pictures at a rapid rate and recorded the results on a band of film. Meanwhile Dickson had built a studio at West Orange. The Black Maria was a strange building; mounted on a railroad-turntable type of mechanism, coated in tar paper, and with a roof that opened to allow the sunlight to enter and fall on a small stage that had a black backdrop. When Edison returned from Europe he shifted Dickson's effort to focus on developing a method to advance a roll of film rapidly but intermittently past a single lens.
Other work interfered with motion picture experimentation until 1891 when Dickson, and another Edison man - William Heise, developed a method of running 3/4 inch film strips horizontally past a lens. The camera was dubbed a Kinetograph. By late 1892, an improved Kinetograph with a vertical feed system and using 1-1/2-inch-wide film (35mm) was developed; and used to take this movie of men boxing. They are on the stage-with-the-black-backdrop in the Black Maria.