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- Marshal Josip Broz Tito, Communist President of Yugoslavia, and 1st Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement, was born as Josip Broz on May 7, 1892, in the village of Kumrovec, in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire (present-day Croatia). He was the seventh of 15 children born to Roman Catholic peasants. His blacksmith father, Franjo Broz, was a Croat, and his mother, Marija, was Slovene. After spending part of his childhood years with his maternal grandfather in Podsreda (present-day Slovenia), he returned to Kumrovec to attend school. He failed the first grade and left his formal education behind in 1905, to be apprenticed with a locksmith. As a journeyman locksmith he moved around the Empire.
The 18-year-old Broz joined the Croatian Social Democratic Party, and in 1913, he was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Imperial Army. At the beginning of World War I, Broz, who had won a silver medal at an army fencing competition in May of 1914, was sent to Ruma. It was there he began to find himself and his life's calling, and was later arrested for anti-war propaganda and imprisoned. He was sent to Galicia to fight against the Russians and Serbs in 1915, and was seriously wounded by shellfire. In April 1915 his entire battalion was captured by the Russians.
The wounded Broz spent several months convalescing in a military hospital, where he learned to speak Russian. In the fall of 1916 he was sent to a work camp in the Ural mountains. While at the camp the first Russian Revolution of February 1917 (March, new style) occurred, culminating in the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II on March 15th. Broz was arrested for organizing demonstrations among the prisoners of war in April 1917, but he escaped and joined the Bolsheviks in St. Petersburg (renamed Petrograd after the first revolution), engaging in street fighting during the attempted Bolshevik coup d'etat in Petrograd on July 16-17, 1917.
The Bolshevik insurrection failed to spark a wider revolt and was crushed by forces loyal to Aleksandr Kerensky, head of the provisional government. Broz fled for Finland to try to avoid arrest, but he was captured and sent to prison. He escaped from a train taking him to another work camp and in November joined the Red Army in Omsk, Siberia, fighting with the Red Guards in the first years of the Russian Civil War, pitting Reds against Whites (royalists). Broz applied for membership in the Russian Communist Party in the spring of 1918.
The Treaty of Versailles incorporated the territory of Croatia into the newly established Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia), and when he returned to his village in 1920, he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ). Now employed as a metalworker, Broz became a union organizer. He was arrested after a Bosnian KPJ member assassinated the Yugoslav Minister of the Interior, which led to the outlawing of the KPJ. Broz switched his organizing activities to the underground, and in April 1927 he had ascended to the KPJ's Committee in Zagreb. As a KPJ committeeman he caught the attention of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Through Soviet influence, Broz was raised to the position of deputy of the Politburo of the KPJ Central Committee and named leader of the Croatian and Slovenian committees.
By 1934 parliamentary democracy in Yugoslavia had been replaced by a dictatorship under the Yugoslav king, and the KPJ remained banned. It was in this year, shortly after his release from his latest prison sentence, that Broz was named a full member of the KPJ Politburo and Central Committee. He adopted nomme de guerre "Tito" to use in his party work (possibly because "tito alba", the owl, a creature of the night, which also represents wisdom).
The newly nicknamed Tito went to the USSR in 1935, where he served in the Communist International's (Comintern) Balkan section. After a year with the Comintern, Tito, who apparently won the confidence of Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, was named Secretary-General of the KPJ and returned to Yugoslavia to rebuild the party. Tito filled party posts with his hand-picked replacements. Eventually his position as Secretary-General of the KPJ was officially ratified by KPJ members at a secret meeting in Zagreb in 1940.
The Yugoslav government was pressured by Germany and Italy to join the Axis Powers. Initially it resisted, but finally threw in its lot with the Axis on March 25, 1941, under duress. On March 27th the government was overthrown by a pro-Western military coup in Belgrade, thus aborting Yugoslavia's alliance with the Axis. Ten days later, on April 6th, Yugoslavia was invaded by German, Hungarian and Bulgarian troops, and the Royal Yugoslav army was vanquished in less than two weeks, surrendering on April 17th.
When the Axis invaded Yugoslavia in 1941, Stalin ordered the KPJ to offer no resistance due to the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact signed in August 1939. Despite ample warning, Stalin did not believe Adolf Hitler would attack the Soviet Union. What he did not know about the Axis incursion into Yugoslavia was that Hitler was securing his southern flank prior to the launching of Operation Barbarossa, the imminent invasion of the USSR. When Germany attacked the USSR in June 1941, it now became a duty for a communist to defend his "motherland" by fighting the Axis powers. Tito called a meeting of the Central committee, which named him Military Commander. The partisans' struggle began with Tito's call to arms for the people of Yugoslavia with the slogan, "Death to Fascism, Freedom to the People!"
Their prior organization as underground communist cells used to functioning in secrecy and with the strictest discipline meant that Tito's partisans were very well-organized and extremely effective. His aim was not only to liberate Yugoslavia but establish the KPJ in liberated areas. Revolutionary governments were established in areas the partisans liberated, which foreshadowed the administrative structure of postwar Yugoslavia.
The non-communists, mostly Serbian Chetniks, also fought against the Axis and had the support of both the British and the Yugoslav government in exile. However, they were not seen as effective as Tito's partisans, and the US and the UK switched their support to the partisans after they successfully fought off ferocious Axis attacks from January to June 1943. The partisans were officially recognized at the Tehran Conference, with the result that Allied arms, supplies and agents were parachuted behind Axis lines to assist them. Stilll, Tito refused to cooperate with the government-in-exile in London.
After the February 1945 Yalta Conference, at which the parameters of postwar Europe were agreed upon, Marshal Tito consolidated his power and that of the KPJ by purging his government of non-communists. Tito signed an agreement with the USSR on April 5, 1945, that permitted "temporary entry of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory". With the help of the Red Army, Tito's partisans won the war against the Axis and their collaborators. Tito then ordered foreign troops off of Yugoslav soil after V-E Day, and turned to eliminating domestic rivals, including members of the originally anti-fascist Chetnik movement (who eventually collaborated with the Germans to try to stop Tito) and the fascist Ustashe, who from the beginning had supported the Nazis as a vassal state in Croatia. Members of both organizations were summarily tried and executed en masse. General Dragoljub Draza Mihailovic, the Chetnik leader, was executed in March 1946.
Winning the rigged November 1945 elections, Tito imposed a new constitution on Yugoslavia. He further consolidated his power by organizing a strong army and a secret police force (the UDBA), both of which were personally loyal to him. In the postwar years Tito used the UDBA to eliminate Nazi collaborators. He also targeted Catholic priests and those who had opposed the communist-led war effort. The purge was eventually extended to include even those communists who did not agree with Tito.
Initially, the economy and society were collectivized in Soviet fashion, although he did not push for the collectivization of agriculture. Tito began to resent Stalin's constant meddling with his government and his suggestions on how Tito should run his economy. On his part, Stalin was unhappy with what he perceived as an independent foreign policy that was out of sync with Moscow. Stalin tried to depose Tito but would not go so far as to invade Yugoslavia, whose mountainous terrain had hamstrung Hitler's troops and was ideal territory for partisan attacks against an organized military force.
Tito denounced the Soviet policy of "... unconditional subordination of small socialist countries to one large socialist country." In response, Stalin had Tito and the KPJ expelled from the Cominform in June 1948. The USSR, through its Common Market-style organization called Comecon, boycotted Yugoslavia.
Through the vehicle of UDBA, Tito purged the KPJ of hardcore Stalinists, those that could not be "reeducated." He began decentralizing the economy, putting more power into the hands of workers' councils on the principle of workers' self-management. To keep himself in power and Yugoslavia independent of the USSR, he turned to the West for financial aid. The Greek civil war, pitting mostly Communists against the anti-Communist Greek government, sputtered out after Tito sealed off the border with Greece, effectively keeping arms, supplies and fighters from getting to the Communist rebels.
After the death of Stalin in March 5, 1953, Tito attempted a reconciliation with the USSR, meeting with new CPSU party boss Nikita Khrushchev in Belgrade in 1955. The meeting resulted in the Belgrade Declaration, which affirmed equality in relations between communist countries (although in the case of Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968, that equality was observed in the breach rather than the observance).
Freed to a degree of the Soviet threat, Tito's policy of "nonengagement" developed into a policy of "nonalignment." He overhauled his foreign policy to promote a non-aligned bloc between the West and the Warsaw Pact. Convening a meeting of 25 non-aligned states with India's Jawaharlal Nehru and Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1956, a third, alternative neutral bloc came into being. Tito traveled extensively in the developing world during the 1960s and 1970s to promote non-alignment.
On the domestic front, Tito maintained a balance among the different ethnic groups and nationalities of his multi-ethnic country. It ensured stability for as long as the KPJ and the secret police maintained control of Yugoslavia. Tito's system of "symetrical federalism," while predicated upon the principle of equality among the six republics and two autonomous provinces, in fact played the nationalities off against each other.
His ties with the West encouraged trade, which helped boost Yugoslavia's standard of living. Yugoslavia's beaches became a top tourist destination for Western European tourists, due to their beauty, the relative openness of Yugoslav society and the favorable exchange rate, which made an excursion to Yugoslavia very affordable. The economy of some of the Yugoslav provinces, particularly Croatia and Slovenia, thrived during the Cold War.
Marshal Tito was styled President-for-Life in 1974. While he allowed a freer exchange of people and ideas than most of the countries in the communist bloc, the major question of his regime remained would Yugoslavia survive the death of Tito. Without a strongman and the monopoly on power enjoyed by the KPJ, backed up by the army and the secret police, would Yugoslavia remain a country?
Josip Broz Tito died on May 4, 1980 in a hospital in Ljubljana, Slovenia, after being gravely ill for almost four months. He was the last of the World War II leaders to leave the world stage, having outlived his patron, then nemesis Stalin by almost 30 years. The country that he kept together did not outlive him by much more than a decade. Croatian nationalists won the first free elections in their republic in April and May 1990. The independence of Slovenia was proclaimed on June 25, 1991. Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina proclaimed their independence on October 8, 1991 and March 3, 1992 respectively, triggering civil wars in those republics, which left Yugoslavia a rump federation consisting only of Serbia and Montenegro. - Actor
- Producer
Peter Carsten was born on 30 April 1928 in Weißenburg, Bavaria, Germany. He was an actor and producer, known for A Study in Terror (1965), Dark of the Sun (1968) and 11 Uhr 20 (1970). He was married to Lilijana, ??? and Divna. He died on 20 April 2012 in Lucija, Slovenia.- Davor Dujmovic was born on 20 September 1969 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia. He was an actor, known for Time of the Gypsies (1988), Underground (1995) and Last Waltz in Sarajevo (1990). He died on 31 May 1999 in Novo Mesto, Slovenia.
- Actress
Manca Kosir was born on 3 March 1948 in Maribor, Slovenia. She was an actress, known for Breza (1967), Four Days to Death (1976) and Passion According to Matthew (1975). She died on 2 May 2024 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.- Director
- Actor
- Writer
Wolfgang Staudte was born on 9 October 1906 in Saarbrücken, Germany. He was a director and actor, known for Ciske de Rat (1955), Rotation (1949) and Murderers Among Us (1946). He was married to Angelika Hoffmann, Rita Heidelbach, Ingmar Zeisberg and Renate Praetorius. He died on 19 January 1984 in Zigrski Vrh near Sevnica, Slovenia, Yugoslavia.- Actor
- Production Manager
Demeter Bitenc was born on 21 July 1922 in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. He was an actor and production manager, known for Slom (1979), The War Boy (1985) and Holiday in St. Tropez (1964). He died on 22 April 2018 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.- Miha Baloh was born on 21 May 1928 in Jesenice, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. He was an actor, known for Grajski biki (1967), Les évasions célèbres (1972) and Operacija Ticijan (1963). He died on 6 December 2022 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Aki Rahimovski was born on 5 June 1955 in Nis, SFR Yugoslavia [now Serbia]. He was an actor, known for Jel' me netko trazio? (1991), Pjevaj moju pjesmu (2011) and Subotom ujutro (2013). He was married to Ingrid Rahimovski. He died on 22 January 2022 in Novo Mesto, Slovenia.
- Majda Potokar was born on 1 March 1930 in Ljubljana, Slovenia. She was an actress, known for The Wild Growth (1963), Na svoji zemlji (1948) and Don't Cry Peter (1964). She died on 24 April 2001 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Second Unit Director or Assistant Director
- Director
- Writer
Tugo Stiglic was born on 8 November 1946 in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia [now Ljubljana, Slovenia]. He was an assistant director and director, known for A Summer in a Sea Shell (1985), Tantadruj (1994) and Pozabljeni zaklad (2002). He died on 11 October 2022 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.- Jernej Sugman was born on 23 December 1968 in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. He was an actor, known for Short Circuits (2006), Zvenenje v glavi (2002) and Sweet Dreams (2001). He died on 10 December 2017 in Podljubelj, Slovenia.
- Radko Polic was born on 18 August 1942 in Crnomelj, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. He was an actor, known for Idealist (1976), Balkan ekspres (1983) and Balkan Express 2 (1989). He was married to Rozalija Hace, Milena Zupancic and Barbara Levstik. He died on 15 September 2022 in Slovenia.
- Nikolas Vogel was born on 9 March 1967 in Vienna, Austria. He was an actor, known for Herzklopfen (1984), The Inheritors (1983) and Requiem for Dominic (1990). He died on 28 June 1991 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Dare Valic was born on 20 March 1941 in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. He was an actor, known for Come Along (2016), Rabljeva freska (1995) and Ko zaprem oci (1993). He died on 19 July 2023 in Slovenia.
- Director
- Actor
- Writer
Bostjan Hladnik was born on 30 January 1929 in Kranj, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. He was a director and actor, known for The Sunny Whirlpool (1968), A Dance in the Rain (1961) and Erotikon - Karussell der Leidenschaften (1963). He died on 30 May 2006 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.- Bert Sotlar was born on 4 February 1921 in Kocevje, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. He was an actor, known for Double Circle (1963), The Merry Wedding (1984) and Four Days to Death (1976). He died on 10 June 1992 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Cinematographer
Vilko Filac was born on 14 February 1950 in Ptuj, Slovenia. He was a cinematographer, known for Arizona Dream (1993), Underground (1995) and Time of the Gypsies (1988). He died on 25 November 2008 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.- Lojze Rozman was born on 2 June 1930 in Celje, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. He was an actor, known for The Action (1960), A Breath of Air (1983) and Rabljeva freska (1995). He died on 5 May 1997 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Polde Bibic was born on 3 February 1933 in Maribor, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. He was an actor, known for Kekec's Tricks (1968), A Breath of Air (1983) and Blossoms in Autumn (1973). He died on 13 July 2012 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Director
- Writer
- Editor
France Stiglic was born on 12 November 1919 in Kranj, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. He was a director and writer, known for Povest o dobrih ljudeh (1975), The Ninth Circle (1960) and Valley of Peace (1956). He died on 4 May 1993 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.- Director
- Writer
- Actor
Frantisek Cáp was born on 7 December 1913 in Celákovice, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic]. He was a director and writer, known for Nocní motýl (1941), Vesna (1953) and Moments of Decision (1955). He died on 12 January 1972 in Ankaran, Slovenia, Yugoslavia.- Stane Sever was born on 21 November 1914 in Ljubljana, Austria-Hungary [now Slovenia]. He was an actor, known for Sedam Hamleta (1967), Dekameron (1971) and H-8... (1958). He died on 18 December 1970 in Ribnica na Pohorju, Slovenia, Yugoslavia.
- Actor
- Production Manager
- Second Unit Director or Assistant Director
Matija Barl was born on 17 February 1940 in Ljubljana, Slovenia. He was an actor and production manager, known for Kekec (1951), Oral History (1982) and Der verliebte Teufel (1971). He died on 3 August 2018 in Marezigah, Slovenia.- Stefka Drolc was born on 22 December 1923 in Ponikva pri Grobelnem, Slovenia. She was an actress, known for Blossoms in Autumn (1973), Tatort (1970) and Na svoji zemlji (1948). She was married to Joze Babic. She died on 25 June 2018 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Producer
- Costume Designer
- Writer
Dunja Klemenc was born on 28 May 1943 in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. She was a producer and costume designer, known for No Man's Land (2001), Cirkus Columbia (2010) and The Wind (1974). She died on 1 January 2023 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.- Mila Kacic was born on 5 October 1912 in Sneberje near Ljubljana, Austro-Hungary [now Slovenia]. She was an actress, known for Anno 79: La distruzione di Ercolano (1962), Dekameron (1971) and Hide and Seek: The Tribe of the Lightfooted (1961). She died on 3 March 2000 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- France Bevk was born on 17 September 1890 in Zakojca, Cerkno, Austrian Littoral, Austria-Hungary [now Slovenia]. He was a writer, known for Trst (1951), Little Shepherds (1973) and Kaplan Martin Cedermac (1971). He was married to Davorina. He died on 17 September 1970 in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia [now Slovenia].
- Actor
- Writer
Silvan Furlan was born on 4 September 1953 in Postojna, Slovenia. He was an actor and writer, known for Ko zaprem oci (1993) and Gypsy Eyes (1992). He died on 22 April 2005 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.- Director
- Writer
- Actor
Gottfried Kolditz was born on 14 December 1922 in Goldbach-Altenbach, Haut-Rhin, France. He was a director and writer, known for The Small White Mouse (1964), The Thing in the Castle (1979) and Signale - Ein Weltraumabenteuer (1970). He was married to Erika Koch. He died on 15 June 1982 in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia [now Slovenia].- Actor
- Production Designer
Damijan Cavazza was born on 19 March 1973 in Kranj, Slovenia. He was an actor and production designer, known for Desperado Tonic (2004), Morje v casu mrka (2008) and Triangel (1991). He died on 20 March 2009 in Unec, Slovenia.- Milena Godina was born on 21 March 1912 in Trieste, Austria-Hungary [now Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy]. She was an actress, known for The Widowhood of Karolina Zasler (1976), Rdece klasje (1970) and The Medusa Raft (1980). She died on 2 May 1995 in Maribor, Slovenia.
- Matjaz Klopcic was born on 4 December 1934 in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. He was a director and writer, known for The Widowhood of Karolina Zasler (1976), On Paper Wings (1967) and Fear (1974). He died on 15 December 2007 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Dusa Pockaj was born on 16 November 1924 in Dolnja Lendava, Slovenia. She was an actress, known for A Dance in the Rain (1961), A Minute for Murder (1962) and Blossoms in Autumn (1973). She died on 24 June 1982 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Adem Cejvan was born on 2 March 1927 in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Yugoslavia. He was an actor, known for Vuk Karadzic (1987), Djavolje merdevine (1975) and Shepherd (1971). He died on 5 November 1989 in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia.
- Actor
- Soundtrack
Peter Musevski was born on 12 June 1965 in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia [now Ljubljana, Slovenia]. He was an actor, known for Delo osvobaja (2004), Bread and Milk (2001) and Spare Parts (2003). He died on 18 March 2020 in Slovenia.- Director
- Writer
- Actor
Ulay, born Frank Uwe Laysiepen,1943 is a German artist, now based in Amsterdam, Holland, and Ljubljana, Slovenia. Ulay received international recognition for his work as a photographer, mainly in Polaroid, from the late 1960s, and later as a performance artist, including his collaborative performances with Marina Abramovic from 1976 to 1988. His work has continuously dealt with politics, identity and gender. In 2016 Schirn Kunsthalle in Frankfurt, Germany, held the first major retrospective show of his work 'Ulay Life-Sized'. In recent years Ulay's work has also been on show at the Nederlands Fotomuseum in Rotterdam and GNYP Gallery in Berlin. Ulay's work, as well as his collaborative work with Marina Abramovic, is featured in many collections of major art institutions around the world such as Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam, Centre Pompidou in Paris, Tate Modern in London and Museum of Modern Art in New York.- Majolka Suklje was born on 29 August 1929 in Ljubljana, Slovenia. She was an actress, known for Grandma Goes South (1991), Nas clovek (1985) and To the Limit and Beyond (1990). She died on 4 August 1997 in Golnik, Slovenia.
- Iva Zupancic was born on 23 January 1931 in Smaver pri Trebnjem, Slovenia. She was an actress, known for Nabrezje - Sest dobrodusnih zgodb (1970), Blossoms in Autumn (1973) and The Party (1960). She died on 14 April 2017 in Smaver, Trebnje, Slovenia.
- Janez Albreht was born on 23 March 1925 in Ljubljana, Slovenia. He was an actor, known for Alone Against Rome (1962), The Action (1960) and Rabljeva freska (1995). He died on 1 March 2013 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Francek Drofenik was born on 8 November 1931 in Zagorje ob Savi, Slovenia, Yugoslavia [now Slovenia]. He was an actor, known for Lucija (1965), Valley of Peace (1956) and The Party (1960). He died on 27 February 2004 in Jesenice, Slovenia.
- Ivan Cankar was born on 10 May 1876 in Vrhnika, Slovenia. He was a writer, known for Idealist (1976), Na klancu (1971) and Polikarp (1969). He died on 11 December 1918 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Lara Safran was born on 6 November 1996 in Petrovce, Slovenia. She was an actress, known for Vloga za Emo (2014). She died on 13 September 2014 in Celje, Slovenia.
- Writer
- Additional Crew
Ivan Ribic was born on 23 January 1920 in Ljubljana, Slovenia. He was a writer, known for Valley of Peace (1956), Don't Cry Peter (1964) and Kekec's Tricks (1968). He died on 12 February 1982 in Bled, Slovenia.- Director
- Writer
- Actor
Georgi Vasilyev was born on 25 November 1899 in Vologda, Russian Empire [now Russia]. He was a director and writer, known for Chapaev (1934), Fortress on the Volga (1942) and Spyashchaya krasavitsa (1930). He died on 18 June 1946 in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia [now Slovenia].- Angelca Hlebce was born on 7 May 1922 in Strazisce near Kranj, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. She was an actress, known for A Breath of Air (1983), Lucija (1965) and The Sunny Whirlpool (1968). She died on 18 October 2005 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Boris Bruncko was born on 28 November 1919 in Celje, Slovenia. He was an actor, known for Rdece klasje (1970). He died on 4 October 1982 in Golnik, Slovenia, Yugoslavia.
- Actor
- Writer
- Additional Crew
Dusan Jovanovic was born on 1 October 1939 in Belgrade, Serbia, Yugoslavia. He was an actor and writer, known for The Liberation of Skopje (2016), Odpadnik (1988) and The Lion Is Coming (1972). He was married to Milena Zupancic and Vido Zei. He died on 31 December 2020 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.- Actor
- Editor
Damjan Berkopec was born on 3 March 1972 in Ljubljana, Slovenia. He was an actor and editor, known for Goveja postrv (2016) and Blackred (1992). He died on 22 October 2010 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.- Franek Trefalt was born on 11 March 1931 in Kranj, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. He was an actor, known for Vesna (1953), Druga strana medalje (1965) and Moments of Decision (1955). He died on 5 March 2015 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Boris Kralj was born on 19 May 1929 in Cerknica, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. He was an actor, known for Nasa krajevna skupnost (1980), Ujed andjela (1984) and Vesna (1953). He died on 16 June 1995 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.