Advanced search
- TITLES
- NAMES
- COLLABORATIONS
Search filters
Enter full date
to
or just enter yyyy, or yyyy-mm below
to
Only includes names with the selected topics
to
or just enter yyyy, or yyyy-mm below
to
1-3 of 3
- Carlo Goldoni was born on 25 February 1707 in Venice, Republic of Venice [now Veneto, Italy]. He was a writer, known for La locandiera (1929), Paese senza pace (1946) and Badaranii (1960). He was married to Nicoletta Connio. He died on 6 February 1793 in Paris, France.
- She was one of the younger daughters of the couple Anne-Olympe and Pierre Gouze from a lower middle class background - her mother was the laundress Anne-Olympe Mouisset, who had been married to the butcher Pierre Gouze since 1756. Marie Gouze's biological father was probably Jean-Jacques Le Franc de Pompignan, a Catholic minor aristocrat who moved to Paris, became known there as a man of letters, was accepted into the Académie Française and never acknowledged his daughter. Marie Gouze spent her childhood and youth in her Occitan hometown of Montauban. According to the practices of the time, girls received little or no education. Therefore, the young girl will only have had elementary knowledge of reading and writing. At the age of 17, she was married against her will - to Louis-Yves Aubry, an innkeeper from Paris. He opened an inn there, thanks to her trousseau for this marriage. In 1766 she gave birth to her son Pierre. A short time later her husband is said to have died in the flooding of the River Tarn.
In 1768 the widow and her son moved to Paris, where her sister and brother-in-law were already living. For the rest of her life, Marie Aubry, who adopted the stage name Olympe de Gouges during her time in Paris, a combination of her mother's middle name and a spelling of her maiden name Gouze, remained unmarried. She entered into a free relationship that lasted over 15 years with Jacques Biétrix de Rozières, a noble transport operator in the service of the royal army. The period in her life between her settlement in Paris and her first appearance as a playwright is not known with certainty. During this period from 1768 to 1784 she will have further developed her language, cultural and political knowledge. It was also the time of her first literary attempts, in which she wrote dramas, comedies and other small socio-political pieces, including the socially critical title "Remarques patriotiques", in which she formulated a comprehensive social program.
In 1784, her first publication was the epistolary novel "Mémoire de Mme. de Valmont", which used a biographical background to address the contemporary problem of illegitimate children and the forced marriage of girls. She had previously written a drama that condemned the suffering situation of slaves in the French colonies, designed as a play entitled "Zamore et Mirza ou l'heureux naufrage". The femme de lettres was the first woman to publicly stand up against these grievances in her country. Economic interests in particular prevented a performance in the Paris National Theater "Comédie Française". The author ended up in the Bastille for some time at the behest of the Duke of Duras as the person in charge of the royal theater. It was not until 1789, the year of the French Revolution, that the public production took place, which was considered a scandal and quickly led to the piece being canceled. During this time she wrote and published a number of political brochures, leaflets and posters - despite numerous hostilities because of her Enlightenment ideals. Her play "Le Couvent" was performed at the Théâtre Français Comique & Lyrique in 1790.
In 1791, the pioneer wrote her most contemporary work, the "Declaration of the Rights of Women and Citizens", in which she outlined equal - including political - rights and duties for women as well as their existential independence. The letter she sent to the National Assembly should be understood as a note of protest and an explicit counter-proposal to the first written French constitution following the revolution, which began with the motto "Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité". Not only were its authors exclusively men, but the content of the Égalité excluded women because it was based on the "Declaration of Human and Civil Rights" (Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen). The following year, de Gouges' great utopian novel "The Philosophical Prince" was published, in which she radically addressed the equality of women in all rights. Olymp de Gouges' last play, the drama "L'entrée de Dumourier à Bruxelles ou les vivandiers" from 1793, was full of political explosiveness at the time, because Dumouriez, the protagonist of the piece, switched to the camp of the political opponent shortly after the premiere.
In addition, the critical author publicly warned against revolutionary radicalization or smear campaigns, and spoke out against the terror of revolutionary rule or the death penalty - including for the former royal couple. In her wall newspaper "Les trois urnes ou le salut de la patrie" she campaigned for a direct popular election and was arrested on July 20, 1793 when she tried to put up a poster. Olympe de Gouges was initially incorporated into the Commune de Paris for a short time locked and then housed in the Abbey de Saint-Germain des Pres and other revolutionary prisons. Lengthy interrogations and a house search followed. Even while under arrest, she remained active and wrote stubborn letters, including to the Revolutionary Tribunal. The catastrophic conditions in detention wear them down, exhaust them and make them sick. From October 28th she was imprisoned in the "Conciergerie" in Paris's Palais de la Cité, a prison with 1,200 inmates. On November 1st, she was tried before the special court as the highest judicial authority. Her verdict: death by guillotine. The court did not allow an appeal and the sentence was carried out in the Place de la Concorde that afternoon.
Olympe de Gouges died by beheading in Paris on November 3, 1793. - Soundtrack
Leopold Hofmann was born on 14 August 1738 in Vienna, Austria. Leopold died on 17 March 1793 in Vienna, Austria.