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- Princess Alexandrina Victoria was born on May 24, 1819 to the Duke and Duchess of Kent. Victoria as she was called was the granddaughter of King George III. When she was less than a year old her father died leaving her mother broke and at the mercy of her brother Leopold, the King of Belgium. Victoria lead a sheltered life in Kensington Palace while growing up. She was not allowed to see anybody besides her mother, half-sister and brother, and the comptroller of the household and reputed lover of the Duchess of Kent, Sir John Conroy. When she was 17 she met for the first time her cousins Albert and Ernest (sons of her mother's brother Ernest) The meeting went well but nothing happened. Several months later Victoria's Uncle King William IV died and she became Queen at the age of 18. Three years later she and Albert met again and this time they fell in love. They got married on Feburary 10, 1840 and In November of that year they welcomed their first child named Victoria. In 1841 they had Albert Edward, who would be Prince of Wales and then Edward VII. Followed by Alice (b. 1843),Alfred (b. 1844), Helena (b. 1846), Louise (b. 1848) Arthur (b. 1850) and Leopold (b. 1853) and Beatrice (b. 1857.) In 1860, though something happened that brought Victoria's world to a stand-still. Her beloved husband died on December 14 after a short illness with Thyphoid. This did not hinder any plans though. Their oldest daughter had been married to the Prussian Prince Fritz for several years by then, but their daughter Alice and son Bertie were almost to be married at the time of their father's death. A few months later Alice married Prince Louis of Hess and several months after that Bertie married Prince Alexandra of Denmark. For the rest of her life Victoria missed Albert and insisted in a funereal like atmosphere in her household. The only thing that could lift her spirits where her 40 grandchildren. On that fateful December 14 of 1878 Victoria lost her daughter, Alice, and mourned her. After several months though she recovered enough to concoct an idea. She would have her son in law Louis marry her daughter Beatrice so that her several grandchildren could be near her. This did not happen though. On January 22, 1901 Victoria died in Osbourn House in the arms of her grandson Kaiser William II. Her children and grandchildren stretched all over the globe, reigning as sovereigns or consorts. From the UK, Germany, Romania, Russia, Greece, and Spain her children and grandchildren would change the face of the world.
- Mary Anne Evans was born on 22 November 1819 at South Farm, Arbury Hall near Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Her parents were Robert Evans, the manager of Arbury Hall, and Christina Evans. She had four siblings: Robert, Fanny, Chrissy and Isaac. Mary was always considered a serious child and she always had free access to books. She soon became a great literature admirer. She had a special fall for Greek Literature and she would include many elements of Greek tragedy on her books. She also had a strong influence of social issues and religion. This latter was probably due to the Baptist education she would receive later.
Mary Anne attended Miss Latham's boarding school and then (in 1828) Mrs. Wallington's Boarding School at Nuneaton. At this second school she met Maria Lewis who was the governess of the school and had strong evangelical believes. Mary Anne then moved to Miss Franklin's school at Coventry. At this third school she developed her knowledge in literature and also studied French and the piano.
When her mother died in 1838 Mary had to leave school and come back to her father, but she never gave up studying. Her father bought her books and paid private tutor for her. She had Italian and German lessons too.
Some time after, Mary and her father moved to Foleshill where she later met many intellectuals and thinkers and these people may have had strong influence on her later work. She stopped going to the church, what made the relation with her father and close friendship with Maria Lewis unstable. In 1844 she begun working on the translation of "Das Leben Jusu" written in German by theologian David Strauss (1808 - 1874).
When her father died she traveled with the Brays (her friends) to Switzerland in order to refresh her mind. In 1850 she moved to London and then became friend of John Chapman, a publisher and bookseller. In 1851 Chapman bought "Westminister Reviwe" and hired Mary Anne, who was then calling herself Marian Evans, as the editor. With Mary, the journal became a success.
Marian then met George Lewes and they became close friends. George's marriage to Agnes Jervis had been over and he and Mary started dating and. In 1854 they started living together, but George was still legally married to Agnes. This had a very negative impact onto the London society and many people stopped talking to the couple.
In 1856 she published "Scenes of Clerical Life" under the male name of George Eliot - because she believed it would make her job more respected. In 1859 another work came out, "Adam Bede", a great success. When "The Mill of the Floss", was published, the real identity of George Eliot was not a secret anymore, but the book was successful.
She published other successful books later: "Silas Marner" (1861) and "Romola"(1863). It took her three more years until "Felix Holt, the Radical" came out. After the serious publication of "Middelmarch"(1871- 1872), she became even more famous and rich. Unfortunately her health
George Lewes died in 1878 and Mary Anne became alone. In 1880 she married John Cross, a close friend she and George had. However, seven months after their marriage, Mary Anne died. - Writer
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Herman Melville was an American novelist, short story writer, and poet of the American Renaissance period. Among his best-known works are Moby-Dick (1851); Typee (1846), a romanticized account of his experiences in Polynesia; and Billy Budd, Sailor, a posthumously published novella. Although his reputation was not high at the time of his death, the 1919 centennial of his birth was the starting point of a Melville revival, and Moby-Dick grew to be considered one of the great American novels.- Writer
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Walter Whitman was an American poet, essayist and journalist. A humanist, he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works. Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon, often called the father of free verse. His work was controversial in its time, particularly his 1855 poetry collection Leaves of Grass, which was described as obscene for its overt sensuality. Whitman's own life came under scrutiny for his presumed homosexuality.- Music Department
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Jacques Offenbach, the son of a synagogue cantor, was born in Cologne, Germany, June 20, 1819. So strong were his musical talents that the Paris Conservatory waived the rule forbidding foreigners and enrolled him. At the completion of his studies he began playing the cello in the orchestra of the prestigious Opera-Comique. In 1850 he was appointed musical director of the Comedie Frangaise, another of France's principal theaters; he continued in this position for five years. During this period he began writing comic operas. When he realized that he would be unable to get them performed by established production organizations, he decided to open a theater of his own -- Bouffes Parisiens--in 1855. There he wrote and presented twenty-five musical satires, farces, and comic operas within a three-year period. In response to this work, he became the idol of Parisian theater-goers. In the years that followed he remained the master of French comic opera, enjoying great popularity and irregular financial success. He travelled to America in 1876 on a performance tour. His desire to write musical work of a more serious nature led him to consider the opera project which eventually resulted in The Tales of Hoffmann. Although the work was almost complete at his death, he never lived to see the opera performed. He died in Paris on October 4, 1880, four months before the opera's premiere. Although The Tales of Hoffmann is undeniably Offenbach's greatest work, his delightful lighter efforts are still produced periodically throughout the world. Among the most popular of these are Orpheus in the Underworld, La belle Helehne, La Grand Duchesse de Gerolstein, and La Perichole.- Prince Albert was born on 26 August 1819 in Coburg, Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, German Confederation [now Bavaria, Germany]. He was a writer, known for Queen Victoria's Letters: A Monarch Unveiled (2014), Queen Victoria's Empire (2001) and The Windsors: A Royal Family (1994). He was married to Queen Victoria. He died on 14 December 1861 in Windsor, Berkshire, England, UK.
- Francesco Mastriani was born on 23 November 1819 in Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. He was a writer, known for La sepolta viva (1916), Medea di Portamedina (1919) and Ciccio, il pizzaiuolo del Carmine (1916). He died on 7 January 1891 in Naples, Campania, Italy.
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Irish poet Joseph Medlicott Scriven was born on September 10, 1819 at Ballymoney Lodge in County Down, Northern Ireland. His parents were Captain John Scriven and Jane Medlicott. Joseph graduated with a B.A. degree from Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland and embraced the teachings of the Plymouth Brethren. In 1845 his fiancée drowned on the night before they were to be married. A grief-stricken Scriven moved to Canada where he settled in Port Hope, Ontario, Canada and worked as a private tutor for local families. Joseph fell in love with a local woman who suddenly fell ill with pneumonia and subsequently died. Known by people in the Port Hope area as an eccentric, Scriven was nonetheless a born philanthropist and devoutly religious man who freely gave away what little money and clothing he had to impoverished people in great need. In 1855 he wrote a poem called "Pray Without Ceasing" to comfort his ailing mother. This poem was later set to music by attorney and songwriter Charles Crozat Coverse and retitled "What a Friend We Have in Jesus." "What a Friend We Have in Jesus" has since gone on to become a well-regarded classic gospel hymn that's been covered by many artists throughout the world. Joseph died at age 66 on August 10, 1886 in Pope Hope, Ontario, Canada.- Music Department
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Franz von Suppé was born on 18 April 1819 in Spalato, Dalmatia, Austrian Empire [now Split, Croatia]. He was a writer and composer, known for Sullivan's Travels (1941), Beetlejuice (1988) and Stolen Kisses (1929). He died on 21 May 1895 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary [now Austria].- Writer
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Julia Ward Howe was born on 27 May 1819 in New York City, New York, USA. She was a writer, known for The Manchurian Candidate (2004), Captive State (2019) and Kick-Ass (2010). She was married to Samuel Gridley Howe. She died on 17 October 1910 in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, USA.- Writer
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Theodor Fontane was born on the 30th of December 1819 in Neuruppin (Germany) near Berlin, the son of a drugstore-owner. After learning pharmacy and working in a drugstore he quit his job to become a freelance journalist in Berlin. He was able to finance his living costs with this job, was later promoted to a Dr.phil. at the university of Berlin and died in this city on the 20th of September 1898. Theodor Fontane is one of the best known authors of the literary "poetical realism" in Germany. He wrote stories that should be realistic, true to life, but also poetic. Among his most famous works are "Effi Briest", the ultimate story of a fatal affair, and "Der Stechlin".- John Ruskin was born on 8 February 1819 in 54 Hunter Street, Brunswick Square, London, England, UK. John was a writer, known for Jackanory (1965), The Quarry (2013) and The King of the Golden River (1959). John was married to Euphemia Chalmers Gray. John died on 20 January 1900 in Brantwood, Coniston, Cumbria, Lancashire, England, UK.
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Clara Schumann was born on 13 September 1819 in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony [now Saxony, Germany]. She was a composer, known for Management (2008), Ammonite (2020) and The Europeans (1979). She was married to Robert Schumann. She died on 20 May 1896 in Frankfurt am Main, Hesse-Nassau, [now Hesse], Germany.- Soundtrack
J.P. Webster was born on 22 February 1819 in near Manchester, New Hampshire, USA. He died on 18 January 1875 in Elkhorn, Wisconsin, USA.- Gottfried Keller was born on 19 July 1819 in Zurich, Switzerland. He was a writer, known for Die mißbrauchten Liebesbriefe (1940), Romeo und Julia auf dem Dorfe (1941) and Kleider machen Leute (1940). He died on 15 July 1890 in Zurich, Switzerland.
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Charles Kingsley was born on 12 July 1819 in Holne Vicarage, Devon, England, UK. He was a writer, known for Westward Ho! (1919), And Women Must Weep (1922) and The Sands of Dee (1912). He was married to Frances Eliza Grenfell. He died on 23 January 1875 in Eversley, Hampshire, England, UK.- Prince George was born on 26 March 1819 in Kingdom of Hanover [now Hanover, Germany]. He was married to Sarah Fairbrother. He died on 17 March 1904 in London, England, UK.
- Ernst Wilhelm Ritter von Brücke (6 July 1819 - 7 January 1892) was a German physician and physiologist. He is credited with contributions made in many facets of physiology. He graduated in medicine at the University of Berlin in 1842, and during the following year, he became a research assistant to Johannes Peter Müller. In 1845 he founded the Physikalische Gesellschaft (Physical Society) in Berlin, together with Emil Du Bois-Reymond, Hermann von Helmholtz and others, in the house of physicist Heinrich Gustav Magnus. Later on, this became known as the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (German Society of Physics). In 1846, Brücke was elected teacher of anatomy in the Akademie der Bildenden Künste, in Berlin. Following that, in 1848 he was appointed as professor of physiology at the University of Königsberg, replacing Karl Friedrich Burdach (1776-1847). In 1849 he acquired similar duties at the University of Vienna. In 1873, Emperor Franz Joseph I honored Brücke with a noble title-von Brücke-but he rarely used it.
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Max Schneckenburger was born on 17 February 1819 in Talheim, Kingdom of Württemberg [now Baden-Württemberg, Germany]. He was married to Luise. He died on 3 May 1849 in Burgdorf, Switzerland.- Abner Doubleday was born on 26 June 1819 in Ballston Spa, New York, USA. He died on 26 January 1893.
- Charles Morton was born on 15 August 1819 in Hackney, London, England, UK. He died on 18 October 1904 in London, England, UK.
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Thomas Dunn English was born on 20 June 1819 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Thomas Dunn was married to Ann Maxwell Mead. Thomas Dunn died on 1 April 1902 in Newark, New Jersey, USA.- Soundtrack
Isaac Baker Woodbury was born on 23 October 1819 in Beverly, Massachusetts, USA. Isaac Baker died on 26 October 1858 in Columbia, South Carolina, USA.- Music Department
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Stanislaw Moniuszko (May 5, 1819 - June 4, 1872) was a Polish composer, conductor and teacher. He wrote many popular art songs and operas, and his music is filled with patriotic folk themes of the peoples of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (mainly Poles, Lithuanians and Belarusians). He is generally referred to as "the father of Polish national opera". Since the 1990s Stanislaw Moniuszko is being recognized in Belarus as an important figure of Belarusian culture.